• The components of a functioning ecosystem not only interact among themselves but are also closely linked by a variety of biological, chemical and physical processes.
• The biotic component of an ecosystem consists of Autotrophs and heterotrophs.
• In an ecosystem, energy and nutrients are transferred step by step among organisms along a feeding pathway which is always begins with primary producers (Autotrophs), followed by one or More consumers, and ends with decomposers.
• Each step in a feeding pathway is known as a trophic level. The order in which the trophic levels are arranged gives the path of energy (food) flow.
• A food chains shows the transfer of energy and nutrients from organism to organism in a feeding Pathway. A food web shows all the interconnections between existing food chains in an ecosystem.
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