• In animals, the functions of the skeleton are protection , support, movement (including respiratory movements) and locomotion.
• Locomotion in unicellular organisms is by pseudopodia, flagella and cilia.
• Most multicellular organisms posses contractile muscular tissues. In mammals, there are three types of muscles: smooth and cardiac muscles (which are involuntary), and skeletal muscles (which is voluntary).
• Locomotion in multicellular organisms occurs when muscles pull on a skeleton. Such skeletal muscles act antagonistically in pairs: when one member contracts the other relaxes, producing movement in one direction. Muscular contraction requires energy which comes from ATP.
• In Plants, supporting tissues provide mechanical strength and rigidity, as well as , sufficient flexibility and resilience. This helps stems to withstand the bending forces of winds, and roots to withstand the pulling effects of the aerial shoot and the crushing force of the soil on them.
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