• The individual, the community and the government contribute to the maintenance of public health.
• Refuse disposal, sewage disposal, protection of water supply and provision of clean water, food hygiene, control of diseases and health organizations are important in maintaining public health.
• In rural areas, refuse is disposed by burning , burying or composting. In urban areas, public health authorities collect refuse from house holds and dispose them by burning in incinerators, dumping, sanitary land fill or emptying into the sea.
• Sewage is disposed mainly via pit latrines in rural areas. In urban areas, sewage is disposed of by the public health authorities. The collected sewage from bucket latrines is dumped in pits. Sewage from water closets drains into septic tanks or into sewers which lead into the sea or to the sewage works. In three places, the sewage is broken down into harmless substances by microbial decomposers.
• Our water supply comes from rain water, surface water and subsoil water. In rural areas, people obtain water directly from the rain, streams, rivers , lakes, Wells and spring. In urban areas, the public health authorities collect water from natural sources, purify it and distribute it to the people through a pipe system.
• The public health authorities ensure that the food people buy is in goof condition, and free of microbial contamination and adulteration.
• Control of diseases is carried out by the ministry of health. Hospital's, school health services and the local health authorities are indirectly concerned with to treatment and prevention of diseases.
• Local and international health organizations cooperate with governments to improve the health of the people and control diseases.
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