Dicotyledons : these are the primitive angiosperms. They may be trees, shrubs or herbs. Most large trees with spreading branches are Dicotyledons.
Dicotyledons have these features :
• They bear seeds which have two seed leaves or cotyledons each.
• They vascular bundles of their stems and roots are arranged in a regular pattern.
• Their floral parts - sepals, petals, pistils and stamens - exist in groups of four or five.
• Their leaves have veins arranged in a branched network.
• They have a trap root system.
• Dicotyledons usually undergo secondary growth.
Some example of Dicotyledons are hibiscus, ipomea batatas ( sweet potato) Carica papaya (paw paw) , dioscorea sp. (Yam) , and vigna unguoculata (cowpea).
Monocotyledons : these are the most advanced plants. They tend to be more efficient and specialized because they have fewer parts. As such they shoe a very high degree of adaptation to their environment. They are generally herbs.
Monocotyledons have these features:
• They bear seeds with one cotyledons each.
• The vascular bundles of the stem are scattered.
• Their floral parts exist in groups of three or multiples of three.
• Their leaves have veins running parallel to one another.
• They have a fibrous root system.
• Monocotyledons do not undergo secondary growth.
Some examples of Monocotyledons are sea mays ( maize), Elaeis guineensis (oil palm), axonopus compressus (carpet grass) , panicum maximum (Guinea grass) and oryza sp. ( rice).
Pls note : All Cereal plants are monocotyledons.
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